We study the space of normalized metric measure spaces (M,d,m) and introduce a complete separable metric D on it. This metric has a natural interpretation in terms of mass transportation. It turns out that the family of normalized metric measure spaces with doubling constant \le C is closed under D-convergence. Moreover, the subfamily of spaces with diameter \le R is compact. Furthermore, we introduce and analyze curvature bounds for metric measure spaces (M,d,m), based on convexity properties of the relative entropy Ent(.|m). For Riemannian manifolds, Curv(M,d,m) \ge K if and only if Ric_M(v,v) \ge K |v|^2 for all v \in TM. Our lower curvature bounds are stable under D-convergence.